Currently the "Language" field on multilingual-enabled content does not have a default when you create content. Should this field carry over the default language from the site configuration, preselecting the default? Or should there be settings on the field per content type, for example, to set a default for that type of content? It would be helpful to be able to specfiy whether this field is required or not as well.

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Glad it works for you! Regarding selecting options, I've just tested the Views Autocomplete Filters module and got it working after I had a look at the README and made sure to use the same...
Can't filter content in a View
You are right, that was it... Now my problem is I would like users being able to select from pre-established options, like a drop down or maybe an autocomplete. For that I would the Autocomplete...
Can't filter content in a View
Here goes the screenshot for the exposed filter config I will try the module you are telling me about. thanks again!
Can't filter content in a View