I am unsure of the places that core uses the taxonomy_index.
However, I do know that its pretty useless unless you only care about node references to taxonomy terms.
The module taxonomy_entity_index exists to fix this problem for Drupal 7.
I would wager that since Entity API is in backdrop, you'd want this functionality.
GitHub Issue #:
103
Recent comments
It remains a complete mystery. I started enabling other modules on my clean install and boom - off it went again. Of course, removing those modules didn’t make any difference so I couldn’t...
How to troubleshoot interactive image cropping modules?
Very possibly, I am looking at it now... Sorry I will be travelling away on that date. I will register, so I can look back
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Great news Francis. I'm glad I could help. Any chance we will see you at the upcoming Backdrop Live?
Images on Pages and Blocks not refreshing